Quality of life of women who underwent breast cancer treatment relative to sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with cancer often undergo multiple extended treatments that decrease their quality of life. However, the quality of life of women with breast cancer after they undergo treatment remains underexplored in Brazil. Therefore, this study determined sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors related to the post-treatment quality of life of women with breast cancer. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 101 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016 and treated at a Brazilian Oncology Reference Service. Data were collected from them using face-to-face surveys. Quality of life was evaluated using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC Breast Cancer-specific Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23). The data collected were analyzed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The median score on the global health, functional, and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 was 75.00 (Interquartile range=33.33), 75.99 (Standard deviation [SD]=19.26), and 19.67 (SD=16.91), respectively. The mean score on the functional and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 was 61.89 (SD=17.21) and 20.12 (SD=16.94), respectively. Furthermore, higher post-treatment quality of life was found to be associated with being aged 50 or more, being Black, having eight or more years of education, having a partner, having a paying job, receiving treatment from the private healthcare system, having a higher income, living in the municipality where healthcare services are availed, engaging in physical activity, not smoking, being more religious, having more social support, not being overweight, having no comorbidities, and undergoing lumpectomy. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors significantly impact the quality of life of women who undergo breast cancer treatment. Implementing interventions that improve health and reducing inequalities in the access to healthcare services can improve the quality of life of these patients. BACKGROUND: Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors impact the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. BACKGROUND: Breast cancer therapy may affect future perspectives and emotional, cognitive, and sexual function. BACKGROUND: Some aspects of quality of life still require attention from health professionals. BACKGROUND: Higher post-treatment quality of life of women with breast cancer is linked to being aged 50 or more, being Black, having 8 or more years of education, having a partner, having a paying job, receiving care from private healthcare, having a high per capita income, residing in the municipality where the service is availed, engaging in physical activity, not smoking, greater religiosity, having more social support, having a normal weight, having no comorbidities, and undergoing lumpectomy.

Comparison of four different human papillomavirus genotyping methods in cervical samples: Addressing method-specific advantages and limitations.

Since human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the causative agent of cervical cancer and associated with anogenital non-cervical and oropharyngeal cancers, the characterization of the HPV types circulating in different geographic regions is an important tool in screening and prevention. In this context, this study compared four methodologies for HPV detection and genotyping: real-time PCR (Cobas® HPV test), nested PCR followed by conventional Sanger sequencing, reverse hybridization (High + Low PapillomaStrip® kit) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) at an Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. Cervical samples from patients followed at the Family Health Strategy from Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were collected and subjected to the real-time PCR. Of those, 114 were included in this study according to the results obtained with the real-time PCR, considered herein as the gold standard method. For the 110 samples tested by at least one methodology in addition to real-time PCR, NGS showed the lowest concordance rates of HPV and high-risk HPV identification compared to the other three methods (67-75 %). Real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing showed the highest rates of concordance (97-100 %). All methods differed in their sensitivity and specificity. HPV genotyping contributes to individual risk stratification, therapeutic decisions, epidemiological studies and vaccine development, supporting approaches in prevention, healthcare and management of HPV infection.

Mortalidade e carga do câncer de laringe atribuíveis aos riscos ocupacionais no Brasil: estudo da Carga Global de Doença, 2019 / Laryngeal cancer mortality and burden attributable to occupational risks in Brazil: 2019 Global Burden of Disease

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a mortalidade e os anos de vida ajustados pela incapacidade disability-adjusted life years - DALYs) para câncer de laringe no Brasil atribuíveis a fatores de risco ocupacionais e comportamentais. Métodos: estudo ecológico com dados do estudo Global Burden of Disease 2019. Foram obtidas taxas de mortalidade e de DALYs para o câncer de laringe atribuíveis aos riscos ocupacionais (ácido sulfúrico e amianto) e comportamentais (tabaco e álcool), de 1990 e 2019. Resultados: no Brasil, em 2019, a taxa de mortalidade por câncer de laringe atribuível aos riscos ocupacionais (ácido sulfúrico e amianto) foi 0,28 (II95%: 0,17;0,43) no sexo masculino e 0,03 (II95%: 0,02;0,04) no feminino, e a de DALYs foi 7,33 (II95%: 4,28;11,44) e 0,64 (II95%: 0,35;0,03), respectivamente. O ácido sulfúrico foi o principal risco ocupacional para a doença. Houve redução das taxas atribuíveis ao tabaco (mortalidade:-45,83%; DALYs:-47,36%) e aos riscos ocupacionais (mortalidade:-23,20%; DALYs:-26,31%), no Brasil, com aumento em alguns estados das regiões Norte e Nordeste. Conclusão: houve redução na mortalidade e na carga do câncer de laringe atribuível aos fatores ocupacionais no período, porém menor em comparação ao tabagismo, reforçando a importância de ações para reduzir o impacto dos riscos ocupacionais, como as medidas regulatórias aplicadas ao tabaco.

Abstract Objective: to describe mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational and behavioral risk factors in Brazil. Methods: this is an ecological study with data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease. Mortality and DALY rates for laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational (sulfuric acid and asbestos) and behavioral (tobacco and alcohol) risks were obtained from 1990 and 2019. Results: in 2019, the mortality rate from laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational hazards (sulfuric acid and asbestos) totaled 0.28 (95%UI: 0.17; 0.43) and 0.03 (95%UI: 0.02; 0.04), whereas and DALY rates, 7.33 (95%UI: 4.28; 11.44) and 0.64 (95%UI: 0.35; 0.03) in men and women in Brazil, respectively. Sulfuric acid configured the main occupational risk for the disease. The rates attributable to tobacco (mortality: −45.83%; DALYs: −47.36%) and occupational hazards (mortality: −23.20%; DALYs: −26.31%) decreased in Brazil but increased in some Northern and Northeastern states. Conclusion: laryngeal cancer mortality and burden attributable to occupational factors decreased in the period (although less than that for smoking), reinforcing the importance of actions to reduce the impact of occupational risks, such as the regulatory measures applied to tobacco.

Quality of life of women who underwent breast cancer treatment relative to sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors

ABSTRACT Objective Patients with cancer often undergo multiple extended treatments that decrease their quality of life. However, the quality of life of women with breast cancer after they undergo treatment remains underexplored in Brazil. Therefore, this study determined sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors related to the post-treatment quality of life of women with breast cancer. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 101 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016 and treated at a Brazilian Oncology Reference Service. Data were collected from them using face-to-face surveys. Quality of life was evaluated using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC Breast Cancer-specific Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23). The data collected were analyzed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The median score on the global health, functional, and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 was 75.00 (Interquartile range=33.33), 75.99 (Standard deviation [SD]=19.26), and 19.67 (SD=16.91), respectively. The mean score on the functional and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 was 61.89 (SD=17.21) and 20.12 (SD=16.94), respectively. Furthermore, higher post-treatment quality of life was found to be associated with being aged 50 or more, being Black, having eight or more years of education, having a partner, having a paying job, receiving treatment from the private healthcare system, having a higher income, living in the municipality where healthcare services are availed, engaging in physical activity, not smoking, being more religious, having more social support, not being overweight, having no comorbidities, and undergoing lumpectomy. Conclusion Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors significantly impact the quality of life of women who undergo breast cancer treatment. Implementing interventions that improve health and reducing inequalities in the access to healthcare services can improve the quality of life of these patients.

Age-Period-Cohort Study of Breast Cancer Mortality in Brazil in State Capitals and in Non-Capital Municipalities from 1980 to 2019.

Breast cancer was identified as the cancer with the highest mortality rate among women in Brazil. This study analyzed the effects of age, period and birth cohort on the breast cancer mortality rate for Brazilian women, comparing state capitals and non-capital municipalities. Population and deaths data were extracted from the Brazilian Unified Health System database for women aged 30 years or older, for the years between 1980 and 2019. The effects were analyzed using the age-period-cohort model. Age effect on breast cancer mortality is observed in the model through higher mortality rates at older ages. Period effect is similar in all regions in the form of a marked increase in the rate ratio (RR) in non-capital municipalities by period than in state capitals. The RR of birth cohorts in the state capitals remained stable (north, northeast and central-west regions) or decreased followed by an increase in the most recent cohorts (Brazil as a whole and the southeast and south regions). The RR for the other municipalities, however, showed a progressive increase in the cohorts for all regions. Policies and actions focused on breast cancer in women should consider these differences among Brazilian regions, state capitals and other municipalities.

Breast cancer survival and the health system in Brazil: an analysis of public and private healthcare.

Background: The incidence of breast cancer is increasing globally; however, survival outcomes vary and are lower in developing countries. Methods: We analyzed the 5- and 10-year survival rates for breast cancer according to the type of healthcare insurance (public vs. private) in a referral center for cancer care in the Brazilian southeast region. This hospital-based cohort study included 517 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2005. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the probability of survival, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess prognostic factors. Results: The 5- and 10-year breast cancer survival rates were as follows: private healthcare service survival rate of 80.6% (95% CI 75.0-85.0) and 71.5% (95% CI 65.4-77.1), respectively, and public healthcare service survival rate of 68.5% (95% CI 62.5-73.8) and 58.5% (95% CI 52.1-64.4), respectively. The main factors associated with the worst prognosis were lymph node involvement in both healthcare services and tumor size >2 cm only in public health services. The use of hormone therapy (private) and radiotherapy (public) was associated with the best survival rates. Conclusions: The survival discrepancies found between health services can be explained mainly by the difference in the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, indicating inequalities in access to the early detection of breast cancer.

Frequency and factors associated with delay in breast cancer treatment in Brazil, according to data from the Oncology Panel, 2019-2020.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze treatment delay and the flow of care for women with breast cancer in Brazil in 2019 and 2020. METHOD: this was a follow-up study of breast cancer cases available from the Oncology Panel; a chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression were performed in order to analyze the explanatory variables associated with delay (greater than 60 days) in starting treatment. RESULTS: 22,956 cases (54.5%) with delay in treatment were identified in 2019 and 17,722 (48.7%) in 2020; the Southeast region (54.6%) had the greatest proportion of delay; delay was greater when treatment was provided outside the municipality of residence and lower in 2020 compared to 2019; most outward flows were to the capital cities in the same Federative Units of residence. CONCLUSION: strategies to reduce cancer treatment delay and optimize health care networks in the Federative Units should be prioritized.

Detecção precoce e prevenção do câncer de mama: conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família de cidade de porte médio de MG, Brasil / Early detection and prevention of breast cancer: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of professionals in the Family Health Strategy of a medium-sized city in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo Introdução O câncer de mama (CM) é um problema de saúde pública em razão da incidência e mortalidade elevadas, com possibilidade de prevenção e detecção precoce e consequente melhoria do prognóstico mediante ações da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Objetivo Investigar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas (CAP) dos profissionais da ESF sobre o controle do CM preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e sua associação com características sociodemográficas e de formação. Método Estudo transversal com médicos e enfermeiros da ESF de Juiz de Fora (MG), utilizando questionário estruturado autoaplicável, em 2019. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nível de significância 5%. Resultados Foram pesquisados 170 profissionais (93,0%), com predomínio do sexo feminino (74,1%), faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos (47,9%) e tempo de graduação maior que 20 anos (45,8%). Os CAP adequados foram respectivamente de 75,6%, 61,8% e 78,4%. Profissionais mais jovens tiveram conhecimento mais adequado, e os com maior tempo de graduação, melhores práticas. Conclusão O estudo averiguou importantes lacunas no processo de educação permanente dos profissionais da ESF, resultando em limites para o controle do CM. Tal avaliação possibilita ações de saúde mais direcionadas e melhor planejamento para o enfrentamento do CM.

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is a public health problem due to its incidence and mortality, with the possibility of prevention and early detection and consequent improvement of the prognosis through the actions of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Objective Investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (CAP) of FHS professionals on actions to control BC recommended by the Ministry of Health and their association with sociodemographic and training characteristics. Method Cross-sectional study with doctors and nurses from the FHS of Juiz de for a (MG, Brazil), using a self-administered structured questionnaire, in 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 170 professionals (93.0%) were surveyed, with a predominance of females (74.1%), aged 30 to 49 years (47.9%), and undergraduates older than 20 years (45.8%). Adequate CAP was 75.6%, 61.8%, and 78.4%, respectively. They had more adequate knowledge, younger professionals with better practices, and professionals with more time since graduation. Conclusion The study found important gaps in the process of continuing education for FHS professionals, resulting in a possible obstacle to better control of CM. The evaluation enables targeted health actions and better planning to face the CM.

Frequência e fatores associados ao atraso para o tratamento do câncer de mama no Brasil, segundo dados do PAINEL-Oncologia, 2019-2020 / Frecuencia y factores asociados al retraso en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama en Brasil, según datos del Panel de Oncología, 2019-2020 / Frequency and factors associated with delay in breast cancer treatment in Brazil, according to data from the Oncology Panel, 2019-2020

Objective: to analyze treatment delay and the flow of care for women with breast cancer in Brazil in 2019 and 2020. Method: this was a follow-up study of breast cancer cases available from the Oncology Panel; a chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression were performed in order to analyze the explanatory variables associated with delay (greater than 60 days) in starting treatment. Results: 22,956 cases (54.5%) with delay in treatment were identified in 2019 and 17,722 (48.7%) in 2020; the Southeast region (54.6%) had the greatest proportion of delay; delay was greater when treatment was provided outside the municipality of residence and lower in 2020 compared to 2019; most outward flows were to the capital cities in the same Federative Units of residence. Conclusion: strategies to reduce cancer treatment delay and optimize health care networks in the Federative Units should be prioritized.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la demora en el tratamiento y el flujo asistencial de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Brasil en 2019 y 2020. Método: estudio de seguimiento de los casos de cáncer de mama disponibles en el Panel de Oncología. Para analizar las variables explicativas asociadas al retraso (mayor de 60 días) en el inicio del tratamiento se realizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la regresión logística multinivel. Resultados: se identificaron 22.956 casos (54,5%) en 2019 y 17.722 (48,7%) en 2020 con retraso en el tratamiento. La región Sudeste (54,6%) tuvo mayor proporción de atraso, siendo mayor cuando se realizó fuera del municipio de residencia y menor en 2020 en relación a 2019. Los flujos externos, en su mayoría, ocurrieron en las capitales de las mismas Unidades de la Federación (UFs) de residencia. Conclusión: se deben priorizar estrategias que reduzcan el intervalo de tiempo hasta el inicio del tratamiento del cáncer y optimicen las redes de atención de salud en los estados.

Objetivo: analisar o atraso para o tratamento e o fluxo assistencial de mulheres com câncer de mama no Brasil em 2019 e 2020. Métodos: estudo de seguimento de casos de câncer de mama disponibilizados no PAINEL-Oncologia; para analisar as variáveis explicativas associadas ao atraso (maior que 60 dias) no início do tratamento, realizou-se teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística multinível. Resultados: identificaram-se 22.956 casos (54,5%) em 2019 e 17.722 (48,7%) em 2020, com atraso para o tratamento; a região Sudeste (54,6%) teve maior proporção de atraso, que foi maior quando o tratamento foi realizado fora do município de residência, e menor em 2020, comparando-se a 2019; os fluxos externos, em sua maioria, ocorreram para as capitais das mesmas Unidades da Federação (UFs) de residência. Conclusão: estratégias que diminuam o intervalo de tempo até o início do tratamento oncológico e otimizem as redes de atenção em saúde nas UFs devem ser priorizadas.

Prevalência da síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros de um hospital público / Prevalence of burnout syndrome in nurses at a public hospital / Prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en enfermeras de un hospital público

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout, suas dimensões e analisar os fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 171 enfermeiros de um hospital público, em 2020. Foi utilizado o MBI-HSS para estimar a prevalência da SB, considerando sua presença quando verificada alteração em pelo menos uma de suas dimensões. Resultados: 9,9% dos participantes apresentaram alta exaustão emocional (EE), 7% alta despersonalização (DE) e 59,1% baixa realização profissional (RP). EE e DE foram associadas a modalidade contratual do tipo estatutário e recebimento de dois ou mais incentivos no exercício do trabalho. Pouca realização de atividades educativas foi associada a EE e a ausência de filhos a baixa RP. Conclusão: evidenciou-se uma alta prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout (62,6%). Reforça-se a importância de ações preventivas e de diagnóstico precoce que contribuam para a preservação da saúde física e mental desses trabalhadores e, consequentemente, para melhoria da qualidade da assistência.

Objective: to identify the prevalence and dimensions of Burnout syndrome, and to analyze associated factors. Method: this cross-sectional study with 171 nurses at a public hospital was conducted in 2020 using the MBI-HSS to estimate prevalence of Burnout syndrome, indicated by alteration in any of its dimensions. Results: 9.9% of participants displayed high emotional exhaustion (EE), 7% showed strong depersonalization (DE) and 59.1% reported poor professional achievement (PPA). EE and DE were associated with a statutory contract type and receiving two or more job incentives. Little educational activity was associated with EE and childlessness, with PPA. Conclusion: prevalence of Burnout syndrome was high (62.6%). This underlines the importance of preventive actions and early diagnosis that contribute to preserving these workers' physical and mental health and thus to improving the quality of care.

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout, sus dimensiones y analizar los factores asociados. Método: estudio transversal, realizado junto a 171 enfermeros de un hospital público, en 2020. Se utilizó el MBI-HSS para estimar la prevalencia de SB, considerando su presencia cuando hay alteración en, al menos, una de sus dimensiones. Resultados: 9,9% de los participantes tenían alto agotamiento emocional (EE), 7% alta despersonalización (DE) y 59,1% baja realización profesional (RP). EE y DE se asociaron con la modalidad contractual del tipo estatutario y tener dos o más incentivos en el ejercicio del trabajo. La realización de pocas actividades educativas se asoció con la EE y la ausencia de niños con la baja RP. Conclusión: hubo una alta prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout (62,6%). Se destaca la importancia de acciones preventivas y de diagnóstico temprano que contribuyan a la preservación de la salud física y mental de estos trabajadores y, en consecuencia, a mejorar la calidad de la atención.

Tendência temporal dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por câncer de mama feminino no Brasil / Temporal trends in social security benefits for female breast cancer in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a tendência temporal dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social a mulheres por câncer de mama. Foi realizado um estudo de tendência temporal das taxas de incidência dos auxílios por incapacidade temporária de espécie previdenciária concedidos por câncer de mama em mulheres entre 2007 e 2018 no Brasil, utilizando o Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e a base de dados abertos da Previdência Social. As análises de tendência foram realizadas através de regressão segmentada joinpoint. As taxas de incidência dos benefícios ajustadas por idade apresentaram estabilidade entre 2007 e 2015, seguida de elevação anual de 6,7% de 2015 a 2018. Houve aumento anual médio de 3,4% do número de benefícios concedidos a mulheres entre 20 e 49 anos, sendo mais evidente entre 2015 e 2018, com elevação de 10,4% ao ano. Este estudo demonstrou a importância do câncer de mama como causa de afastamento do trabalho em mulheres, com acometimento crescente das faixas etárias mais jovens e economicamente ativas, o que reforça a necessidade de abordagem precoce do Programa de Reabilitação Profissional da Previdência Social para a readaptação destas trabalhadoras em suas atividades ou a reinserção no mercado de trabalho.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in disability benefits for breast cancer awarded to women by Brazil's National Social Security Institute. We conducted a time-series analysis of disability benefit incidence rates between 2007 and 2018 using joinpoint regression and data from the Unified Benefits Information System (SUIBE) and open access social security system database. The age-adjusted incidence rate increased by 6.7% per year between 2015 and 2018 after a period of stability between 2007 and 2014. The number of benefits granted to women aged 20-49 increased, on average, by 3.4% per year, showing a marked rise from 2015 to 2018 (10.4% per year). The findings highlight that breast cancer is an important cause of sick leave among female workers and that the incidence of the disease is growing in younger economically active women, reinforcing the importance of early referral to the Social Security Professional Rehabilitation Program to help workers return to work and readapt to working life.

Temporal trends in social security benefits for female breast cancer in Brazil. / Tendência temporal dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por câncer de mama feminino no Brasil.

The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in disability benefits for breast cancer awarded to women by Brazil's National Social Security Institute. We conducted a time-series analysis of disability benefit incidence rates between 2007 and 2018 using joinpoint regression and data from the Unified Benefits Information System (SUIBE) and open access social security system database. The age-adjusted incidence rate increased by 6.7% per year between 2015 and 2018 after a period of stability between 2007 and 2014. The number of benefits granted to women aged 20-49 increased, on average, by 3.4% per year, showing a marked rise from 2015 to 2018 (10.4% per year). The findings highlight that breast cancer is an important cause of sick leave among female workers and that the incidence of the disease is growing in younger economically active women, reinforcing the importance of early referral to the Social Security Professional Rehabilitation Program to help workers return to work and readapt to working life.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a tendência temporal dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social a mulheres por câncer de mama. Foi realizado um estudo de tendência temporal das taxas de incidência dos auxílios por incapacidade temporária de espécie previdenciária concedidos por câncer de mama em mulheres entre 2007 e 2018 no Brasil, utilizando o Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e a base de dados abertos da Previdência Social. As análises de tendência foram realizadas através de regressão segmentada joinpoint. As taxas de incidência dos benefícios ajustadas por idade apresentaram estabilidade entre 2007 e 2015, seguida de elevação anual de 6,7% de 2015 a 2018. Houve aumento anual médio de 3,4% do número de benefícios concedidos a mulheres entre 20 e 49 anos, sendo mais evidente entre 2015 e 2018, com elevação de 10,4% ao ano. Este estudo demonstrou a importância do câncer de mama como causa de afastamento do trabalho em mulheres, com acometimento crescente das faixas etárias mais jovens e economicamente ativas, o que reforça a necessidade de abordagem precoce do Programa de Reabilitação Profissional da Previdência Social para a readaptação destas trabalhadoras em suas atividades ou a reinserção no mercado de trabalho.

Histological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics for Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Brazilian Women / Características histológicas e imunohistoquímicas para risco hereditário de câncer de mama em uma coorte de mulheres brasileiras

Abstract Objective The study aimed to characterize the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical profile of women with invasive breast cancer, according to the risk for Hereditary Predisposition Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome in a Brazilian population. Methods This is a retrospective study performed from a hospital-based cohort of 522 women, diagnosed with breast cancer treated at an oncology referral center in the Southeast region of Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. Results Among the 430 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer who composed the study population, 127 (29.5%) were classified as at increased risk for hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. There was a lower level of education in patients at increased risk (34.6%) when compared with those at usual risk (46.0%). Regarding tumor characteristics, women at increased risk had higher percentages of the disease diagnosed at an advanced stage (32.3%), and with tumors > 2cm (63.0%), with increased prevalence for both characteristics, when compared with those at usual risk. Furthermore, we found higher percentages of HG3 (43.3%) and Ki-67 ≥ 25% (64.6%) in women at increased risk, with prevalence being about twice as high in this group. The presence of triple-negative tumors was observed as 25.2% in women at increased risk and 6.0% in women at usual risk, with the prevalence of absence of biomarkers being 2.5 times higher among women in the increased risk group. Conclusion From the clinical criteria routinely used in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the care practice of genetic counseling for patients at increased risk of hereditary breast cancer in contexts such as Brazil is still scarce.

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo buscou caracterizar o perfil clínico, histológico e imunohistoquímico de mulheres com câncer de mama invasivo segundo o risco para a Síndrome de Predisposição Hereditária ao Câncer de Mama e Ovário em uma população brasileira. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado a partir de uma coorte hospitalar composta por 522 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama entre 2014 e 2016 assistidas em um centro de referência oncológica localizado na região sudeste brasileira. Resultados Entre as 430 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama invasivo que compuseram a população de estudo, 127 (29,5%) foram classificadas como de risco aumentado para a síndrome de predisposição hereditária ao câncer de mama e ovário. Verificou-se menor nível de escolaridade nas pacientes com risco aumentado (34,6%) quando comparadas àquelas consideradas como de risco habitual (46,0%). Quanto às características do tumor, as mulheres de risco aumentado apresentaram maiores percentuais de doença diagnosticada em estádio avançado (32,3%) e com tumores > 2cm (63,0%), com prevalência aumentada para ambas as características, quando comparadas àquelas de risco habitual. Ainda nas mulheres de risco aumentado, foram encontrados maiores percentuais de GH3 (43,3%) e Ki-67 ≥ 25% (64,6%), com prevalência cerca de duas vezes maior neste grupo. A presença de tumores triplo-negativos foi observada em 25,2% nas mulheres de risco aumentado e 6,0% nas mulheres de risco habitual, com prevalência de ausência de biomarcadores 2,5 vezes maior entre as mulheres do grupo de risco aumentado. Conclusão A partir dos critérios clínicos rotineiramente utilizados no diagnóstico do câncer de mama, a prática assistencial do aconselhamento genético para as pacientes com risco aumentado de câncer de mama hereditário em contextos como o do Brasil ainda é escarça.

[Early detection and prevention of cervical cancer: knowledge, attitudes and practices of FHS professionals]. / Detecção precoce e prevenção do câncer do colo do útero: conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de profissionais da ESF.

The study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of professionals of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) on the control of uterine cervical cancer (CCU) recommended by the Ministry of Health (MS). This is a cross-sectional study, which used a self-administered questionnaire with the doctors and nurses of the FHS of Juiz de Fora, MG, in 2019. For analysis, the chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used, 5% level of significance. Among the 170 surveyed, which corresponded to 93% of FHS professionals in the city, the prevalence of adequate knowledge was 39.4% and had association with younger age and female gender. The prevalence of an adequate attitude was 59.5% and of appropriate practices 77.6%, both associated with a longer time since graduation. The presence of the Ministry of Health guidelines in the units was associated with the outcomes, knowledge and adequate practice, confirming the importance of support material for consultation by professionals. Only 28.2% of professionals reported having received training in the last 3 years and 50.3% carried out educational actions for users. The need for permanent education actions with professionals is highlighted, aiming at a more effective action to confront and eradicate CCU.

O estudo objetivou investigar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre o controle do câncer do colo do útero (CCU) recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Trata-se de estudo transversal, que utilizou questionário autoaplicável junto aos médicos e enfermeiros da ESF de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, em 2019. Para a análise, empregou-se os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nível de significância 5%. Entre os 170 pesquisados, o que correspondeu a 93% dos profissionais da ESF no município, a prevalência de conhecimento adequado foi de 39,4% e teve associação com idade mais jovem e sexo feminino. A prevalência de atitude adequada foi de 59.5%, e de práticas adequadas 77,6%, ambos associados a maior tempo de graduação. A presença das diretrizes do MS nas unidades associou-se aos desfechos conhecimento e prática adequada, ratificando a importância de material de apoio para consulta dos profissionais. Apenas 28,2% dos profissionais relataram ter recebido capacitação nos últimos três anos e 50,3% realizaram ações educativas para as usuárias. Destaca-se necessidade de ações de educação permanente junto aos profissionais, visando uma atuação mais efetiva para o enfrentamento e erradicação do CCU.

Detecção precoce e prevenção do câncer do colo do útero: conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de profissionais da ESF / Early detection and prevention of cervical cancer: knowledge, attitudes and practices of FHS professionals

Resumo O estudo objetivou investigar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre o controle do câncer do colo do útero (CCU) recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Trata-se de estudo transversal, que utilizou questionário autoaplicável junto aos médicos e enfermeiros da ESF de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, em 2019. Para a análise, empregou-se os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nível de significância 5%. Entre os 170 pesquisados, o que correspondeu a 93% dos profissionais da ESF no município, a prevalência de conhecimento adequado foi de 39,4% e teve associação com idade mais jovem e sexo feminino. A prevalência de atitude adequada foi de 59.5%, e de práticas adequadas 77,6%, ambos associados a maior tempo de graduação. A presença das diretrizes do MS nas unidades associou-se aos desfechos conhecimento e prática adequada, ratificando a importância de material de apoio para consulta dos profissionais. Apenas 28,2% dos profissionais relataram ter recebido capacitação nos últimos três anos e 50,3% realizaram ações educativas para as usuárias. Destaca-se necessidade de ações de educação permanente junto aos profissionais, visando uma atuação mais efetiva para o enfrentamento e erradicação do CCU.

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of professionals of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) on the control of uterine cervical cancer (CCU) recommended by the Ministry of Health (MS). This is a cross-sectional study, which used a self-administered questionnaire with the doctors and nurses of the FHS of Juiz de Fora, MG, in 2019. For analysis, the chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used, 5% level of significance. Among the 170 surveyed, which corresponded to 93% of FHS professionals in the city, the prevalence of adequate knowledge was 39.4% and had association with younger age and female gender. The prevalence of an adequate attitude was 59.5% and of appropriate practices 77.6%, both associated with a longer time since graduation. The presence of the Ministry of Health guidelines in the units was associated with the outcomes, knowledge and adequate practice, confirming the importance of support material for consultation by professionals. Only 28.2% of professionals reported having received training in the last 3 years and 50.3% carried out educational actions for users. The need for permanent education actions with professionals is highlighted, aiming at a more effective action to confront and eradicate CCU.

Time to diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer in public and private health services.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time to diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer and the associated factors, according to the type of care (public vs. private). METHODOLOGY: Retrospective cohort study with 477 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016. Data were collected in an oncology service in a municipality in Minas Gerais, in the 2018-2019 period. Analyzes were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional regression model. RESULTS: The median time to diagnosis was 70 days, being shorter for women who discovered the disease through screening tests and who were diagnosed in early stages of the disease. The median time for treatment was 32 days, which was shorter for women assisted by private health service, with a high level of education and who were diagnosed in early stages. CONCLUSIONS: Private care and facilitators of access to breast cancer care were associated with shorter waiting times.

Histological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics for Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Brazilian Women.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to characterize the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical profile of women with invasive breast cancer, according to the risk for Hereditary Predisposition Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome in a Brazilian population. METHODS: This is a retrospective study performed from a hospital-based cohort of 522 women, diagnosed with breast cancer treated at an oncology referral center in the Southeast region of Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. RESULTS: Among the 430 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer who composed the study population, 127 (29.5%) were classified as at increased risk for hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. There was a lower level of education in patients at increased risk (34.6%) when compared with those at usual risk (46.0%). Regarding tumor characteristics, women at increased risk had higher percentages of the disease diagnosed at an advanced stage (32.3%), and with tumors > 2cm (63.0%), with increased prevalence for both characteristics, when compared with those at usual risk. Furthermore, we found higher percentages of HG3 (43.3%) and Ki-67 ≥ 25% (64.6%) in women at increased risk, with prevalence being about twice as high in this group. The presence of triple-negative tumors was observed as 25.2% in women at increased risk and 6.0% in women at usual risk, with the prevalence of absence of biomarkers being 2.5 times higher among women in the increased risk group. CONCLUSION: From the clinical criteria routinely used in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the care practice of genetic counseling for patients at increased risk of hereditary breast cancer in contexts such as Brazil is still scarce.

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo buscou caracterizar o perfil clínico, histológico e imunohistoquímico de mulheres com câncer de mama invasivo segundo o risco para a Síndrome de Predisposição Hereditária ao Câncer de Mama e Ovário em uma população brasileira. MéTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado a partir de uma coorte hospitalar composta por 522 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama entre 2014 e 2016 assistidas em um centro de referência oncológica localizado na região sudeste brasileira. RESULTADOS: Entre as 430 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama invasivo que compuseram a população de estudo, 127 (29,5%) foram classificadas como de risco aumentado para a síndrome de predisposição hereditária ao câncer de mama e ovário. Verificou-se menor nível de escolaridade nas pacientes com risco aumentado (34,6%) quando comparadas àquelas consideradas como de risco habitual (46,0%). Quanto às características do tumor, as mulheres de risco aumentado apresentaram maiores percentuais de doença diagnosticada em estádio avançado (32,3%) e com tumores > 2cm (63,0%), com prevalência aumentada para ambas as características, quando comparadas àquelas de risco habitual. Ainda nas mulheres de risco aumentado, foram encontrados maiores percentuais de GH3 (43,3%) e Ki-67 ≥ 25% (64,6%), com prevalência cerca de duas vezes maior neste grupo. A presença de tumores triplo-negativos foi observada em 25,2% nas mulheres de risco aumentado e 6,0% nas mulheres de risco habitual, com prevalência de ausência de biomarcadores 2,5 vezes maior entre as mulheres do grupo de risco aumentado. CONCLUSãO: A partir dos critérios clínicos rotineiramente utilizados no diagnóstico do câncer de mama, a prática assistencial do aconselhamento genético para as pacientes com risco aumentado de câncer de mama hereditário em contextos como o do Brasil ainda é escarça.

Trend of the Burden of Larynx Cancer in Brazil, 1990 to 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Larynx cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancers, whose main risk factors are smoking and alcohol use, and its occurrence and prognosis depend on adequate and timely preventive measures. This study aimed to investigate the burden of larynx cancer in Brazil and its states. METHODS: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, this study analyzed the trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for larynx cancer between 1990 and 2019, besides the mortality-to-incidence ratio and the socio demographic index. RESULTS: Incidence and mortality due to larynx cancer in Brazil, which are approximately eight-fold higher for men, showed a declining trend between 1990 and 2019 (APPC: -0.4% and -1.0%, respectively). The DALYs also showed negative variation between 1990 and 2019 for both sexes in Brazil, mainly due to the decrease in premature deaths, with the greatest reduction in the state of São Paulo. For the states of Brazil in 2019, the higher age-standardized incidence rate (Rio Grande do Sul, 3.83 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) is twice the lowest rate (Piauí, 1.56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). CONCLUSIONS: A fall in the burden of larynx cancer was observed in Brazil over the past 30 years, which may be attributed to a reduction in smoking and to an improvement in treatment. However, the regional inequalities in the country remain evident, especially for males. This data can guide public policy priorities to control the disease in Brazil.

Time to diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer in public and private health services / Tiempo de diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama en asistencia pública y privada / Tempo para diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de mama na assistência pública e privada

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the time to diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer and the associated factors, according to the type of care (public vs. private). Methodology: Retrospective cohort study with 477 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016. Data were collected in an oncology service in a municipality in Minas Gerais, in the 2018-2019 period. Analyzes were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional regression model. Results: The median time to diagnosis was 70 days, being shorter for women who discovered the disease through screening tests and who were diagnosed in early stages of the disease. The median time for treatment was 32 days, which was shorter for women assisted by private health service, with a high level of education and who were diagnosed in early stages. Conclusions: Private care and facilitators of access to breast cancer care were associated with shorter waiting times.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el tiempo de diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama y los factores asociados, según el tipo de assistência (pública vs. privada). Metodología: Cohorte retrospectiva con 477 mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama entre 2014-2016. Los datos fueron recolectados en un servicio de oncología de Minas Gerais, en el período 2018-2019. Los análisis se realizaron mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier y el modelo de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Mediana de tiempo para el diagnóstico fue de 70 días - menor para las que descubrieron la enfermedad mediante pruebas de detección y que fueron diagnosticadas en etapas tempranas. Mediana de tiempo para tratamiento fue de 32 días - menor para las atendidas por la red privada, con alto nivel educativo y diagnosticadas en etapas tempranas. Conclusiones: Asistencia en la red privada y facilitadores de acceso a la atención del cáncer de mama asociados a tiempos de espera más cortos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o tempo para o diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de mama e os fatores associados, segundo o tipo de assistência (pública vs. privada). Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva com 477 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama entre 2014-2016. Os dados foram coletados em um serviço de oncologia de um município de Minas Gerais, entre 2018-2019. As análises foram realizadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e pelo modelo de regressão de Cox. Resultados: O tempo mediano para diagnóstico foi de 70 dias, sendo menor para aquelas que descobriram a doença por exames de rastreamento e diagnosticadas em estádios iniciais. O tempo mediano para o tratamento foi de 32 dias, sendo menor para as mulheres assistidas pela rede privada, com alta escolaridade e diagnosticadas em estádios iniciais. Conclusões: Assistência na rede privada e facilitadores do acesso ao cuidado do câncer de mama associaram-se a menores tempos de espera.

Trend of the Burden of Larynx Cancer in Brazil, 1990 to 2019

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Larynx cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancers, whose main risk factors are smoking and alcohol use, and its occurrence and prognosis depend on adequate and timely preventive measures. This study aimed to investigate the burden of larynx cancer in Brazil and its states. METHODS: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, this study analyzed the trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for larynx cancer between 1990 and 2019, besides the mortality-to-incidence ratio and the socio demographic index. RESULTS: Incidence and mortality due to larynx cancer in Brazil, which are approximately eight-fold higher for men, showed a declining trend between 1990 and 2019 (APPC: -0.4% and -1.0%, respectively). The DALYs also showed negative variation between 1990 and 2019 for both sexes in Brazil, mainly due to the decrease in premature deaths, with the greatest reduction in the state of São Paulo. For the states of Brazil in 2019, the higher age-standardized incidence rate (Rio Grande do Sul, 3.83 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) is twice the lowest rate (Piauí, 1.56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). CONCLUSIONS: A fall in the burden of larynx cancer was observed in Brazil over the past 30 years, which may be attributed to a reduction in smoking and to an improvement in treatment. However, the regional inequalities in the country remain evident, especially for males. This data can guide public policy priorities to control the disease in Brazil.